Ankara, the capital of Turkey, often plays second fiddle to Istanbul in the minds of many travelers. However, this city of over five million residents boasts a rich tapestry of history, culture, and modernity that makes it a destination in its own right. From the solemn grandeur of Atatürk’s Mausoleum to the bustling charm of the Old Quarter, Ankara offers a diverse range of experiences for visitors. Whether you’re a history buff, a culture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the sights of Ankara are sure to captivate and inspire.
Atatürk’s Mausoleum: Anıtkabir
A Tribute to Turkey’s Founding Father
Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, is undoubtedly one of Ankara’s most iconic landmarks. Perched atop a hill in the heart of the city, Anıtkabir is not only a site of historical significance but also a place of profound national pride.
Architectural Grandeur
Designed by architects Professor Emin Onat and Assistant Professor Orhan Arda, Anıtkabir combines elements of both ancient and modern architecture. The structure is imposing yet elegant, with its symmetrical lines and clean, geometric forms. The Ceremonial Plaza, the Road of Lions, and the Hall of Honor are key components of this monumental complex.
The Road of Lions
Visitors approach the mausoleum via the Road of Lions, a 262-meter-long walkway flanked by 24 stone lions, representing strength and power. This path sets a tone of reverence and solemnity, leading to the Ceremonial Plaza, a vast open space that can hold up to 15,000 people.
The Hall of Honor
The Hall of Honor is the focal point of Anıtkabir, where Atatürk’s sarcophagus lies under a 40-ton monolithic stone. The hall is adorned with inscriptions of Atatürk’s famous speeches and surrounded by reliefs depicting pivotal moments in Turkish history. The atmosphere here is one of quiet respect, as visitors pay their respects to the leader who transformed Turkey into a modern, secular nation.
The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
A Journey Through Time
A short distance from Anıtkabir, the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations offers an in-depth look at the rich history of the region. Housed in a beautifully restored 15th-century Ottoman bazaar, the museum’s exhibits span from the Paleolithic era to the Ottoman period.
Highlights of the Collection
The museum’s extensive collection includes artifacts from the Hittite, Phrygian, Urartian, and Lydian civilizations, among others. Highlights include the intricate Alacahöyük Bronze Standards, the impressive King Midas Tumulus artifacts, and the awe-inspiring statues from the ancient city of Göbekli Tepe. Each exhibit provides a fascinating glimpse into the lives and cultures of the peoples who once inhabited Anatolia.
Ankara Castle: A Fortress with a View
A Step Back in Time
Perched on a hill overlooking the city, Ankara Castle offers a journey through the layers of history that have shaped Ankara. The origins of the castle date back to the Roman, Byzantine, and Seljuk periods, with additions and renovations made by the Ottomans.
Exploring the Castle
Visitors can wander through the castle’s ancient walls and towers, exploring narrow alleys and stone staircases that lead to stunning panoramic views of the city below. The inner castle, or “Kale,” is particularly well-preserved and provides a sense of the fortress’s strategic importance over the centuries.
The Surrounding Area
The area surrounding the castle, known as the Kaleiçi, is a maze of charming, narrow streets lined with traditional Ottoman houses, many of which have been converted into boutique hotels, restaurants, and souvenir shops. This area is perfect for a leisurely stroll, offering a blend of historical ambiance and modern amenities.
The Old Quarter: Ulus
The Heart of Ankara’s History
Ulus, Ankara’s Old Quarter, is a vibrant area that retains much of the city’s historical charm. This district is home to several significant landmarks and offers a glimpse into the daily life of Ankara’s residents.
Roman and Ottoman Heritage
Ulus is rich in historical sites, including the Roman Temple of Augustus, the Roman Baths, and the Column of Julian. These ancient remnants stand in stark contrast to the bustling modernity of the city, providing a tangible connection to Ankara’s past.
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The Ethnographic Museum
Another highlight of Ulus is the Ethnographic Museum, which showcases the diverse cultural heritage of Turkey. The museum’s exhibits include traditional costumes, handicrafts, and artifacts from various regions of Turkey, offering insight into the country’s rich cultural mosaic.
The Suluhan Caravanserai
A hidden gem in Ulus is the Suluhan Caravanserai, a 16th-century inn that once provided lodging for travelers and their animals. Today, it has been beautifully restored and houses a variety of shops selling antiques, carpets, and other traditional crafts. The courtyard, with its tranquil atmosphere and historical ambiance, is a lovely spot to relax and enjoy a cup of Turkish tea.
The Modern Side of Ankara
Kızılay Square: The City’s Pulse
While Ankara is steeped in history, it is also a vibrant, modern city. Kızılay Square is the commercial heart of Ankara, bustling with activity day and night. Here, visitors can find an array of shops, cafes, and restaurants, as well as cultural venues such as theaters and art galleries.
The Atakule Tower
For a panoramic view of the city, a visit to the Atakule Tower is a must. Standing at 125 meters, this observation and communications tower offers a 360-degree view of Ankara. The tower’s revolving restaurant provides a unique dining experience, allowing guests to enjoy the city’s skyline while savoring delicious Turkish cuisine.
Modern Art and Culture
Ankara is also home to a thriving arts scene. The CerModern Art Center, housed in a former railway depot, is one of the city’s premier cultural venues. It hosts contemporary art exhibitions, film screenings, and performances, making it a hub for creative expression and cultural exchange.
Conclusion
Sightseeing in Ankara is a journey through time, offering a rich tapestry of experiences that reflect the city’s complex history and dynamic present. From the solemnity of Atatürk’s Mausoleum to the bustling charm of the Old Quarter, Ankara provides visitors with a unique and enriching travel experience. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, marveling at modern art, or simply enjoying a cup of tea in a historic caravanserai, Ankara’s blend of past and present is sure to leave a lasting impression.
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